Agriculture

Source : Department of Planning, Uttar Pardesh (as per Annual Plan 2014-15)

Agriculture

Uttar Pradesh is not only the most populous but the fifth largest state in India. It is located between 23052’-31028’N Latitudes and 7704’-84o38’E longitudes. Geographically it is situated in one of the most fertile tracts of the country i.e. Ganga and Yamuna basin. Its population of 19.96 crores is 16% of the country, which is more than that of many other countries of the world but occupies only 7.36% of the total area of the country. It produces not only sufficient food grains for the sustenance of its population but also fulfills the food grains requirement of other states and generate a surplus for export as well.

Contribution of U.P. in Food Basket of Country

Name of Crops	Production during 2012-13 (in Lakh MT)		Contribution of U.P. %
	India	U.P.
Total Food grain	2663.8	519.10	19.49
Rice	1044.00	144.16	13.81
Wheat	824.60	313.32	38.00
Jowar	63.3	2048	3.92
Bajra	87.4	17.58	20.11
Maize	222.3	13.69	6.16
Total Pulses	184.6	23.22	12.63
Gram	88.8	6.76	7.61
Arhar	30.7	3.25	10.59
Lentil (2010-11)	99.4	4.22	4.25
Total Oilseeds	310.06	10.28	3.32
Groundnut	47.49	0.94	1.98
Rapeseed/Mustard	78.20	8.36	10.69
Sunflower	0.98	0.02	2.04
Sugarcane	3389.63	1379.04	40.68

Agro-climatic Zones

In order to drive maximum benefit from the available resource and prevailing growing conditions, an agro-climatic orientation is necessary in land use planning. Such an approach provides the desirable framework of sustainable use of land, water and vegetation. Planning Commission of India has identified 15 Resource Development Regions in the country, 14 in the Mainland and remaining 1 in the Islands of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The goal was to organize Agricultural Planning Systems for 15 Agro climatic regions so identified and to develop policies for further Agricultural Development on Regional basis. The country was divided into 126 agro-climatic zones. Later on 3 more zones for Andaman and Nicobar Island and 2 zones for Pondicherry were delineated.

The concept of zoning was mainly based on ecological land classification recognizing various components like soils, climate, topography, vegetation and crops etc. as major influencing factors. The zones were selected as contiguous areas within the State boundary and to the possible extent zones have homogenous physical characteristics such as Topography, Rainfall, Soils, Cropping pattern and Irrigation availability. Uttar Pradesh, on the basis on rainfall, terrain and soils has been divided into 9 agro-climatic zones.

Growth Rate

The growth rate in agriculture sector above 5% has been recorded during the fifth plan and two annual plan periods. The expected growth rate in the Xth plan is 2.10% in the state where as the national growth rate is 1.80% in the same period. Plan wise growth status shown in the following table:-

Agriculture and Allied Sectors Growth Rate in Plan Periods

	Plan	Agriculture & Allied Sectors (%)		Overall Economy (%)
	Plan	U.P.	India	U.P.	India
1.	First Plan (1951-56)	1.86	2.71	2.12	3.60
2.	Second Plan (1956-61)	1.48	3.15	1.75	3.95
3.	Third Plan (1961-66)	(-) 0.09	(-) 0.73	1.58	2.32
4.	Three Annual Plan (1966-69)	0.62	4.16	0.32	3.69
5.	Fourth Plan (1969-74)	0.94	2.57	2.23	3.25
6.	Fifth Plan (1974-79)	5.23	3.28	5.70	5.30
7.	Sixth Plan (1981-85)	2.54	2.52	4.11	4.10
8.	Seventh Plan (1985-90)	2.69	3.47	5.70	5.80
9.	Two Annual Plan (1990-92)	5.42	1.01	3.14	2.47
10.	Eighth Plan (1992-97)	2.70	3.90	3.20	6.80
11.	Ninth Plan (1997-02)	0.80	1.90	2.00	5.60
12.	Tenth Plan (2002-07)	2.10	1.10	5.30	7.70
13	Eleventh Plan(2007-12)	2.70	3.60	7.00	7.80

Source -wise Irrigation Status

Agro-climatic Zone -wise and source-wise irrigation status of the year 2012-13 is as under:-

Lakh Ha

	Particulars	Tarai	WP	MWP	SWS DP	MP	BUND	NEP	EP	VIN	Uttar Pradesh
1	Canal	0.98	1.66	0.43	2.63	6.04	4.30	1.35	6.65	1.49	25.55
	Tube-wells Govt.	0.15	0.16	0.23	0.29	0.72	0.54	1.47	1.10	0.24	4.90
	Private	8.50	10.00	8.93	13.33	23.98	2.90	12.72	15.79	0.58	96.71
	Total	8.66	10.15	9.15	13.67	24.70	3.44	14.89	16.89	0.82	101.62
2	Other wells	1.45	0.18	2.12	0.36	0.95	2.99	0.29	0.01	0.12	8.48
3	Tank etc	@	0.00	@	@	0.03	8.68	0.19	@	0.07	0.99
4	Other Means	0.07	0.02	0.56	@	0.02	0.39	0.29	@	0.11	1.26
5	Net Irrigated Area	11.15	12.01	12.27	16.62	31.74	11.82	16.31	23.56	2.60	138.09
6	Area irrigated More Than once	05.08	7.23	6.99	6.30	14.19	0.85	4.51	14.66	1.11	60.92
7	Kharif	8.78	10.97	7.86	5.59	16.84	0.79	6.58	16.60	1.53	75.54
8	Rabi	6.72	7.24	9.85	16.17	27.15	11.60	14.03	20.30	2.14	115.20
9	Zaid	0.72	1.03	1.56	1.06	1.95	0.27	0.21	1.32	0.04	8.27
10	Total	16.23	19.23	19.27	22.92	45.94	12.66	20.83	38.22	3.71	199.01
	Gross Irri. Area	16.23	19.23	19.27	22.92	45.94	12.66	20.83	38.22	3.71	199.01
1	Other wells	2.83	0.52	6.37	0.64	2.51	3.01	1.21	0.03	0.20	17.30
	Tube-wells Govt.	0.28	0.29	1.05	0.68	0.91	0.58	0.96	1.56	0.27	6.57
	Private	11.70	15.74	10.85	17.35	33.00	2.83	16.36	25.55	0.89	134.27
	Total	11.98	16.03	11.89	18.03	33.91	3.41	17.32	27.11	11.55	140.85
2	Canal	1.41	2.68	0.70	4.24	9.45	5.28	2.00	11.04	2.18	39.00
3	Tank etc	@	@	0.01	@	0.05	0.92	0.25	0.02	0.13	1.40
4	Other Means	0.01	@	0.29	@	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.46

*(WP=Western Plain, MWP= Mid Western Plain, SWSDP= South Western Semi Dry Plain, MP= Mid Plain, BUND= Bundelkhand, NEP= North-Eastern Plain, EP= Eastern Plain, VIN= Vindhyan, @=figures are below 500)

Cropping Pattern/Coverage

Paddy and Wheat are the most important crops of the State. Maximum area is being used for cultivation of food grains of which only 9.39% is covered under pulses. Approximately 78.30% of the gross cropped area is devoted for the production of food grains. Other important crops grown in the State are sugarcane, potato, mustard, groundnut, gram, pea and lentil. The sunflower and soybeans have also been introduced successfully in the State during past. The cropping pattern in various agro-climatic zones and agro-economic regions in the State however differ significantly in terms of commodities and seasonal crops.