Envis Centre, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India
Printed Date: Thursday, November 21, 2024
Irrigation and Water resource
About: What is irrigation?
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land for the purpose of agricultural production. Effective irrigation will influence the entire growth process from seedbed preparation, germination, root growth, nutrient utilisation, plant growth and regrowth, yield and quality.
The key to maximising irrigation efforts is uniformity. The producer has a lot of control over how much water to supply and when to apply it but the irrigation system determines uniformity. Deciding which irrigation systems is best for your operation requires a knowledge of equipment, system design, plant species, growth stage, root structure, soil composition, and land formation. Irrigation systems should encourage plant growth while minimising salt imbalances, leaf burns, soil erosion, and water loss. Losses of water will occur due to evaporation, wind drift, run-off and water (and nutrients) sinking deep below the root zone.
Choosing an irrigation system
There is a huge diversity in the types of irrigation technologies/systems used, which is attributable to,
v Variations in soil types
v Varying topography of the land
v Availability of power sources
v Availability of water
v Sources of water
v The period of time when the system was installed
v The size of the area being irrigated
v On farm water storage capacity
v Availability of labour/financial resources
Irrigation and Water Resource, U.P., it is focused toward the development and construction of dams, canals and wells. Department executed it objective and facilitated the state’s citizens’ with the sufficient facility of irrigation and in meanwhile department also executed flood prevention works and always strives to avoid horrors of flooding.
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1
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Total Geographic Area of the state
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240.93 lac hectares
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2
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Total cultivable Command Area
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187.71 lac hectares
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3
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(a) Area sown for the first time
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165.93 lac hectares
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(b) Area sown more than one time
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90.22 lac hectares
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(c) Area sown entirely
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256.15 lac hectares
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4
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Maximum Actual Cultivation
(Year 2013 &14)
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75.65 lac hectares
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5
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Irrigation capacity created by canals and tube wells in the state
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125.45 lac hectares
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6
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Total number of drains in state
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6450 Adada
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7
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Total length of drains in the state
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42625.91 km
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8
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Length of total canals in the state
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74248.43 km
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U.P
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73051.85 km
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Main Canal
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5310.82 km
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Other States
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1196.58 km
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Branch Canal
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7380.69 km
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Total -
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74248.43 km
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Distributary
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24625.74 km
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Alpika
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36931.18 km
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9
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Number of reservoirs in the state
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71(except 02 reservoirs irrigation is carried out in the remaining 69)
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10
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(a) Length of dams in the state for protection from flood
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3813.967 km
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(b) Areas benefited from Point (a)
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16.12 lac hectares
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v No. of working national tube wells in the state-33,375
v From total 33,375 working national tube wells, 25205 national tube wells have a capacity of 1.5 cusec and remaining 8170 national tube wells have a capacity of 1.0 cusec. A total irrigation of 29.29 lac hectares is obtained from working national tube wells in the state.
v From total 249 small branched canals, irrigation capacity of 1.77 lac hectares is obtained.
v Total 28 large and medium pump canals are functional. The main work of large and medium canals is carried out by Mechanical Organization while the work of recording the irrigation is carried out by Civil Organization.
Milestones of Department
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1817
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Lord Hasting handed over the task of maintenance of canal originating from western bank of Yamuna River to Lieutenant Blane of Engineering Core.
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1821
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Operation of Western Yamuna Canal.
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1822
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Lord Hasting handed over the task of maintenance of Doab canal originating from Eastern bank of Yamuna River to Lieutenant Dibuied.
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1823
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Establishment of first Irrigation Office in Saharanpur.
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1830
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Operation of Eastern Yamuna Canal.
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1842
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Construction started of Upper Ganga Canal By Colonel Proby Cautley.
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1854
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Supply of water in Upper Ganga Canal.
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1855
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Establishment of Central Public Works Department.
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1871
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Approval to construction of Lower Ganga Canal.
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1878
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· Construction of Agra Canal System started.
· Operation of Lower Ganga Canal started.
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1880
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Recommendation of providing Irrigation facility in 40% land of total Culturable land in Bundelkhand by Drought Commission.
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1885
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Construction work of Betwa Canal completed.
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1886
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Betwa Canal got operated for irrigation in Jalauna and Hamirpur districts.
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1898
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Construction of Fatehpur Water Branch.
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1903
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Formation of Second Drought Commission, in which it Reiterated to provide irrigation facility as recommended by First Drought Commission.
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1906
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Construction started of Lehchura Dam on Dhasan River.
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1907
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Construction of Dhasan Canal.
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1909
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Construction Started if Pahadi Dam on Dhasan River.
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1910
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· Construction completed of Lehchura dam on Dhasan River.
· Construction of Dhukva Dam.
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1912
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Construction completed of Pahadi dam on Dhasan River.
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1913
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Construction of Ghagra Canal.
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1915
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· Construction of Garai Canal.
· Construction of Gangau Dam on Ken River.
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1919
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Construction started of Sharda Canal System.
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1928
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Construction completed of Sharda Canal System.
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1952
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Construction started of Matateela Dam.
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1954
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Formation of PWD and Irrigation Department.
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1955
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First flood work started by Irrigation Department.
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1956
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Discharge of Yamuna canal is increased to 2500 cusec from 800 cusec.
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1957
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Construction completed of Narayani Canal System.
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1961
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· Construction of Rihand dam.
· Establishment of Irrigation Research Institution in Rurkee.
· Setting up of Control Design Directorate at Lucknow.
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1964
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· Construction completed of Matateela Dam.
· Technical Examination Wing established in Secretariat for Irrigation Department.
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1968
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Sharda Sahayk Canal construction started.
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1972
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Construction of Gandak Canal System.
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1973
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Construction started of Rajghat canal.
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1974
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Construction of Western Allahabad Branch.
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1977
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Commencement of Kanhar project.
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1978
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· Construction started of Bheemgauda dam.
· Construction of Saryu canal.
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1984
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· Construction completed of Bheemgauda dam.
· Construction of Parallel Lower Ganges Canal.
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1994
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Construction of Gandak Canal System completed.
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1996
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Beginning of Baan Sagar Project.
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2003
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The Infomation System Organization establish in Irrigation Department in July 2012 under Project Component C-I Consolidation and Enhancement of Irrigation Department reforms Organization/department with activity UPID Modernization & Capacity Building In Uttar Pradesh Water Sector Restructuring Phase-II. The Following works executed by ISO mainly using modern Technology.
⇒ Establishment of SCADA Syestem in Various Structure of Canal System for Real Time Discharge.
⇒ Development of Mobile App for Flood Information System.
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2017
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Application of Remote Sensing Technique in Flood Information System
Application of Web Based Technique in Monitoring Management System.
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Source: Irrigation and Water resource Department, U.P. : “http://www.idup.gov.in/”